Experimental investigations are performed to assess the operational efficiency of external gear pumps under high-pressure conditions, with a specific focus on varying shaft rotation speeds. These analyses encompass a broad range of rotational velocities, spanning from conventional to remarkably low speeds, reaching a minimum threshold of 150 RPM. At such reduced speeds, both volumetric and torque losses rise significantly, posing notable challenges to pump performance. Additionally, the lubrication conditions at such modest velocities are often compromised, further constraining the operational range of gear pumps, and limiting the efficiency of pump-controlled systems reliant on speed modulation.The primary objective of the current investigations is to assess the potential effectiveness of nanofluids in enhancing pump performance, particularly under the demanding operational conditions …